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Protecting Your Electronics from the Elements: IP standards

Understanding IP Ratings: How Electronics Stay Safe from Dust and Water

When shopping for electronics like a new smartphone, smartwatch, speaker, or even industrial equipment, you might have come across labels like IP67, IP68, or IPX4. These aren’t just random codes — they’re IP ratings, part of a standardized system that tells you how well a device is protected from dust and water.

In this blog, we’ll break down what IP ratings mean, how they work, and why they’re important when choosing electronic devices.


What Are IP Ratings?

IP stands for Ingress Protection. The IP rating system is defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) under standard IEC 60529. It’s used to classify and rate the degree of protection provided by electrical enclosures against intrusion from:

  • Solid particles (like dust)

  • Liquids (like water)

An IP rating typically looks like this: IPXY

  • X: Protection against solid objects and dust (scale: 0–6)

  • Y: Protection against liquids (scale: 0–9K)

For example:
IP67 = Dust-tight (6) and water-resistant to immersion up to 1 meter (7).


IP Rating Breakdown

🔹 First Digit: Solid Particle Protection

Digit Protection Level
0 No protection
1 Protected against large objects (>50mm)
2 Fingers or similar objects (>12.5mm)
3 Tools, thick wires (>2.5mm)
4 Wires or small tools (>1mm)
5 Limited dust protection
6 Completely dust-tight

🔹 Second Digit: Liquid Ingress Protection

Digit Protection Level
0 No protection
1 Dripping water (vertically falling)
2 Dripping water at 15° angle
3 Spraying water at up to 60°
4 Splashing water from any direction
5 Water jets (low pressure)
6 Powerful water jets
7 Immersion up to 1m for 30 minutes
8 Continuous immersion beyond 1m
9K High-pressure, high-temperature water jets

Note: The higher the number, the greater the protection.


Common Examples

  • IP67 Smartphone: Protected from all dust and can be submerged in water up to 1 meter for 30 minutes.

  • IPX4 Bluetooth Speaker: Splash-resistant, but no solid particle protection rating.

  • IP68 Smartwatch: Fully dust-tight and resistant to prolonged submersion — ideal for swimming or showering.

  • IP69K Industrial Sensor: Maximum protection against dust and high-pressure steam cleaning — used in automotive or factory settings.


What If There’s an “X” in the Rating?

Sometimes you’ll see ratings like IPX7 or IP6X. The “X” means the product hasn’t been tested or rated for that type of ingress.

For example:

  • IPX7: Water-resistant but no data on dust protection

  • IP6X: Dustproof, but not rated for water resistance


Why IP Ratings Matter

  • Consumer Electronics: Helps you choose devices that can withstand your lifestyle — whether it’s rain, beach trips, or accidental drops in water.

  • Industrial Equipment: Ensures machines and sensors operate safely in dusty or wet environments.

  • Healthcare & Military: Critical for maintaining reliability in harsh conditions.


ETA-USA’s IP Compliant Products

IP ratings are more than just technical jargon — they’re a practical way to understand how durable and reliable a device really is. Whether you need a product sitting out in the elements or in a controlled room, ETA-USA offers power supplies to meet your needs. Here are a few of our products:

HZD500:  A 500W AC/DC Converter designed to meet IP65 & IP66 protection and has been qualified to be used IEC60079-0, IEC60079-7 for explosive atmospheres with recommended connector cover. Conductive cooling

CHHS1400: A dual output 1400W (700W per output) AC/DC converter designed to be user serviceable.  Designed to be  IP67 Previously used in sat-com ground systems.

SL1100: An 1,100 watt AC/DC converter designed to be IP64 (can meet IP66 with specific connector options) in a low profile design. I2C reporting capable with the optional for Mil-std 461 CE102 and RE102 Compliance.

Mil-Standard Compliant Products

ETA-USA’s conduction cooled Mil-Std compliant power supplies have the option to be installed in IP rated housings . This includes

MILITARY GRADE PRODUCT – 2,000W Conduction Cooled AC/DC Power Supply

CH-M2000 Series- Military Grade Conduction Cooled AC/DC Power Supply

ETA-USA line of conduction cooled military grade AC/DC power supplies provide the single solution to power your military & defense application. Customers may use the standard input & output connector or request their own. Meets Mil-std 461G ground, airborne, and ship-board systems including Mil-std 1399 sec 300 for 50/60 Hz systems. Units can be built in as little as 5 weeks.

CH-M2000 series Datasheet

Features

  • Input: 95~264 VAC in, 50/60/400 Hz (47~440Hz) operation
  • Available voltages: 12, 24, 28, 48
  • In-rush current limited
  • 8″ x 14″ footprint (excluding connectors)
  • Aluminum Enclosure with chromate finish for corrosion resistance and low resistance bonding
  • Conformal coated internal circuitry
  • Mounting: Two rows of five, 0.20″ diameter thru holes for secure mounting and thermal conductivity
  • >20 msec Hold Up time at full load, 115VAC input, >50 msec at 220 VACin.
  • DC  Output Regulation: Less than 10 mV voltage drift from 0 to full load (measured at output terminal)
  • Ripple and Noise: <1% peak-to peak
  • Constant Current OCP Protection
  • Operating Altitude: 15,000ft & 40,000ft at 8 kPa (55,000 ft max)
  • Weight: 9.5 lbs (Standard Unit)

Mil-Standard Compliances (Without External Circuitry)

  • EMI: Mil-Std 461, CE101, CE102, RE102, RE103
  • Susceptibility: CS114, CS115
  • Input Transient Mil-Std 704
  • Surge protection: Mil-Std 1275
  • Power Factor: Mil-Std 1399 sec 300A
  • Meets Mil Std-1399 Sec 300A Power Profile for 115V 60Hz systems & CVN class 78
  • Environmental/Shock/Vibration: Mil-Std 810

Available Modifications

  • Hard Anodized Enclosure with EMI Grounding
  • Mil-Std 901 Shock Compliant Enclosure (Product Dimensions Subject to Change)
  • IP66 or IP67 Enclosure
  • Customized Input and Output Connector
  • External Voltage Trim (10%, 20%)
  • Remote On/Off
  • I2C Status Reporting (Output Voltage, Output Current, Internal Temperature)
  • Three Phase Wye or Delta Input (Contact ETA-USA Representative for Details)

See our 500W AC-DC MIL-STD Power Supplies

CH-M500 Series Datasheet

See our 1000W AC-DC MIL-STD Power Supplies

CH-M1000 Series Datasheet

 

Contact ETA-USA for Product Availability and CAD Files. 

See Our Full Line of Military and Aviation Power Supplies 

Government Customers- See Our Capability Statement

 

 

MILITARY GRADE PRODUCT – 500W Conduction Cooled AC/DC Power Supply

CH-M500 Series- Military Grade Conduction Cooled AC/DC Power Supply

ETA-USA line of conduction cooled military grade AC/DC power supplies provide the single solution to power you Mil-standard Application. Customers may use the standard input & output connector or request their own. Units can be built in as little as 5 weeks.

 

CH-M500 Mil-grade AC/DC
CH-M500 series datasheet 

500W Military Grade Power supply

Features

  • Input: 95~264 VAC in, 50/60/400 Hz (47~440Hz) operation.
  • In-rush current limited
  • Available voltages: 12, 24, 28, 48
  • Compact 5″x8″ footprint (excluding connectors)
  • Aluminum Enclosure with chromate finish for corrosion resistance and low resistance bonding
  • Conformal coated internal circuitry
  • Mounting: Two rows of five, 0.20″ diameter thru holes for secure mounting and thermal conductivity
  • >20 msec Hold Up time at full load, 115VAC input
  • DC  Output Regulation: Less than 10 mV voltage drift from 0 to full load (measured at output terminal)
  • Operating Altitude: 15,000ft & 40,000ft at 8 kPa (55,000 ft max)
  • Ripple and Noise: <1% peak-to peak

 

Mil-Standard Compliances (Without External Circuitry)

  • EMI: Mil-Std 461, CE101, CE102, RE102
  • Susceptibility: CS114, CS115
  • Input Transient Mil-Std 704
  • Surge protection: Mil-Std 1275
  • Power Factor: Mil-Std 1399 sec 300 for 50/60Hz systems
  • Environmental: Mil-Std 810

Available Modifications

  • Non-standard Voltages (Inquire with ETA-USA Representative)
  • Hard Anodized Enclosure with EMI Grounding
  • Mil-Std 901 Shock Compliant Enclosure (Product Dimensions Subject to Change)
  • External Voltage Trim (10%, 20%)
  • Sealed IP65/66/67 enclosure

Looking for a MIL-STD compliant product with more power?

See our 1000W AC-DC MIL-STD Power Supplies

CH-M1000 Series Datasheet

See our 2000W AC-DC MIL-STD Power Supplies

CH-M2000 Series Datasheet

Contact ETA-USA for Product Availability and CAD Files. 

See Our Full Line of Military and Aviation Power Supplies 

Government Customers- See Our Capability Statement

MILITARY GRADE PRODUCT – 1,000W Conduction Cooled AC/DC Power Supply

CH-M1000 Series- Military Grade Conduction Cooled AC/DC Power Supply

ETA-USA line of conduction cooled military grade AC/DC power supplies provide the single solution to power you Mil-standard Application. Customers may use the standard input & output connector or request their own. Designed for Mil-Std 461 Ground, Airborne, and Ship-board applications. Mil-std 1399 sec 300 Part 1 compliant for Type I, 115V 60Hz systems.  Units can be built in as little as 5 weeks.

Link to CH-M1000 Datasheet
CH-M1000 series datasheet

 

Features

  • Input: 95~264 VAC in, 50/60/400 Hz (47~440Hz) operation.
  • Available voltages: 12, 24, 28, 48
  • In-rush current limited
  • Compact 7.5″ x 11″ footprint (excluding connectors)
  • Aluminum Enclosure with chromate finish for corrosion resistance and low resistance bonding
  • Conformal coated internal circuitry
  • Mounting: Two rows of five, 0.20″ diameter thru holes for secure mounting and thermal conductivity
  • >20 msec Hold Up time at full load, 115VAC input, >50 msec at 220 VACin.
  • DC  Output Regulation: Less than 10 mV voltage drift from 0 to full load (measured at output terminal)
  • Ripple and Noise: <1% peak-to peak
  • Constant Current OCP Protection
  • Operating Altitude: 15,000ft, 40,000ft at 8 kPa (55,000 ft max)
  • Weight: 5.5 lbs (Standard Unit)

Mil-Standard Compliances (Without External Circuitry)

  • EMI: Mil-Std 461, CE101, CE102, RE101, RE102, 
  • Susceptibility: CS101, CS114, CS115, Cs116
  • Input Transient Mil-Std 704F, Mil-std 1399 Sec 300 Part 1 
  • Surge protection: Mil-Std 1275
  • Power Factor: Mil-Std 1399 (meets Mil-Std 1399 Sec 300 for 50/60Hz power systems)
  • Environmental: Mil-Std 810H

Available Modifications

  • Non-standard Voltages from 5V~55 VDC (Contact ETA-USA Representative for Details)
  • Secondary isolated output voltages: 5, 12, 15, 24; 10W
  • Hard Anodized Enclosure with EMI Grounding
  • Mil-Std 901 Shock Compliant Enclosure (Product Dimensions Subject to Change)
  • IP66/IP67 Enclosure (Product Dimensions Subject to Change)
  • Customized Input and Output Connector
  • External Voltage Trim (10%, 20%)
  • Remote On/Off
  • Remote Sense
  • I2C Status Reporting (Output Voltage, Output Current, Internal Temperature)
  • Three Phase Wye or Delta Input (Contact ETA-USA Representative for Details)

NEW RELEASE CH-M1100 SERIES20% Reduction in size with 10% more power than the CH-M1000

CH-M1100 Series Datasheet 


See our 500W AC-DC MIL-STD Power Supplies

CH-M500 Series Datasheet


See our 2000W AC-DC MIL-STD Power Supplies

CH-M2000 Series Datasheet


Contact ETA-USA for Product Availability and CAD Files. 

See Our Full Line of Military and Aviation Power Supplies 

 

 

Replacing Your Power Supply from High Tariff Sources

Tariffs are a fact of life and will be for the near future. If you are designing a new product or have a current product and need to replace your power converter, this article will help you.

  • Learn how TAA sourcing will mitigate the risk of fluctuating tariffs from eating at your bottom line.
  • Show you how to find a replacement power supply/ power converter for your application
  • Explain the additional considerations needed when you are qualifying a new power converting product for your design. 

What is TAA Compliance and How Can it Help Me?

TAA stands for the Trade Agreements Act, a U.S. law that was created to make sure that products the U.S. government buys come from countries the U.S. has trade agreements.

What is “TAA Compliance”?

When a product is TAA compliant, it means:

  • It is made or substantially transformed (significantly changed) in:

    • The United States, or

    • A country that the U.S. has a trade agreement with (like Japan, Taiwan, or South Korea).

Doesn’t the US have a Trade Agreement with China?

This can be a point of confusion. While the United States and China engage in extensive trade, China is not considered a “designated country” under the Trade Agreements Act (TAA). This means that products made in China are generally not TAA compliant and cannot be sold to the U.S. federal government under contracts that require TAA compliance.

In addition, Chinese products have been the target of increasing tariffs and excluded from sales to the US Federal Government. In 2025, the US government has made a deliberate effort to reduce the amount of Chinese imports into the US, which is expected to continue in the near future. 

But the US Government Plans on Adding Tariffs on All of its Trading Partners, why Should I Consider TAA Sources?

The best strategy is to source from a supplier that will provide the most stable pricing. Luckily, all of ETA-USA’s products are TAA Compliant and not subject tariffs directed at China. 

How do I Select the right Power Supply?

You can read the post Selecting the Right Power Supply for more in depth information, but to explain briefly. 

  1. Identify your power conversion need and power consumption.
    • Do you need an AC/DC converter? ETA-USA’s line of AC/DC switching power supplies accept universal input and can be used worldwide
    • Do you need a DC/DC converter? ETA-USA has a line of wide input DC/DC converters to save you the time of replacing parts that accept different input voltages. 
    • What about the Watts? The rated wattage  on a power supply  is calculated by multiplying the output voltage (Volts, typically DC voltage) by the output current (Amps). You will want to make sure the voltage matches as close as possible, but you can always oversize the current rating without damaging your product, the job of the  power supply will deliver only what your product demands.
  2. Check the fit of your replacement
    • Switching power supplies come in a variety of forms, but this can easily me solved:
      • ETA-USA has recently introduced a line of power dense AC/DC converters that have a smaller footprint than most products on the market.
      • See PFT65 , PFT150 , and PFT300
      • ETA-USA’s technical team can help you design an adapter plate to fit your new supply in your old chassis.
  3. Check the Connection between the power supply and  your system
    • Most of ETA-USA’s AC/DC and DC/DC power supplies interface with standard terminal rings or headers.
    • For AC/DC external adapters, ETA-USA can accommodate a modification to the DC output cable assembly with low MOQ (30 pcs production, 1-2 evaluation units) without significant impact on price of safety certifications
  4. What type of third party safety or standards do I need to adhere to?
    • Unless you have a product that will be used in a medical application, you just need a power supply  that has ITE certification that meets the harmonized standard of IEC62368-1, which can be found on many of ETA-USA products. 
      • Different regions may require that the certifying body be specific. ETA-USA products are certified for North and South America, Europe, and Japan. 
    • If your product is being used in a medical application, you will need 60601 certification. To learn more, read the blog post about ITE vs Medical Grade Power Supplies.
    • If you are replacing a low voltage, low power DC-DC  converter, you will likely not need to be concerned about third party certification. 

It may be daunting, but ETA-USA is here to help. Contact a representative with your switching power supply requirements today!